{"id":5026,"date":"2026-10-20T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/?p=5026"},"modified":"2026-10-20T08:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T08:00:00","slug":"linux-swap-einrichten-optimieren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/linux-swap-einrichten-optimieren\/","title":{"rendered":"Swap-Speicher unter Linux einrichten und optimieren"},"content":{"rendered":"<script type=\"text\/plain\" data-tcf=\"waiting-for-consent\" data-id=\"4797\" data-bid=\"2\" data-placement=\"4798\">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<\/script>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wenn der Arbeitsspeicher knapp wird, greift Linux auf den Swap zur\u00fcck \u2013 ausgelagerten Speicher auf der Festplatte. Richtig konfiguriert verhindert er Abst\u00fcrze bei Lastspitzen. In dieser Anleitung richtest du <strong>Swap unter Linux ein<\/strong>, aktivierst ihn dauerhaft und optimierst mit dem swappiness-Wert, wie aggressiv das System auslagert.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-1  uagb-block-1ffd1ad5      \"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-scroll= \"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-offset= \"30\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInhaltsverzeichnis\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__list-wrap \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#was-ist-swap-und-wann-brauchst-du-ihn\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Was ist Swap \u2013 und wann brauchst du ihn?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#aktuellen-swap-pr\u00fcfen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Aktuellen Swap pr\u00fcfen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-1-eine-swap-datei-anlegen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 1: Eine Swap-Datei anlegen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-2-swap-dauerhaft-aktivieren\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 2: Swap dauerhaft aktivieren<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-3-swappiness-optimieren\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 3: swappiness optimieren<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#swap-wieder-entfernen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Swap wieder entfernen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#zram-als-moderne-alternative\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">zram als moderne Alternative<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#h\u00e4ufige-fragen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">H\u00e4ufige Fragen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#wie-gro\u00df-sollte-der-swap-sein\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Wie gro\u00df sollte der Swap sein?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#swap-datei-oder-swap-partition\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Swap-Datei oder Swap-Partition?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schadet-viel-swapping-der-leistung\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schadet viel Swapping der Leistung?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#fazit\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Fazit<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Was ist Swap \u2013 und wann brauchst du ihn?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Swap ist Speicherplatz auf der Festplatte, den Linux nutzt, wenn der physische RAM voll ist. Selten genutzte Speicherseiten werden dorthin ausgelagert, um Platz zu schaffen. Das ist deutlich langsamer als RAM, verhindert aber, dass Prozesse hart abgebrochen werden (der gef\u00fcrchtete OOM-Killer). Auf Servern mit wenig RAM ist etwas Swap eine sinnvolle Absicherung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aktuellen Swap pr\u00fcfen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ob und wie viel Swap aktiv ist, zeigt dir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>free -h\nswapon --show<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">free<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -h<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">swapon<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> --show<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Den gesamten Speicher\u00fcberblick liefert <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/linux-ram-prozesse-ueberwachen-top-htop\/\">top, htop und free<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 1: Eine Swap-Datei anlegen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eine Swap-Datei ist flexibler als eine eigene Partition. Lege z. B. 2 GB an:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo fallocate -l 2G \/swapfile\nsudo chmod 600 \/swapfile\nsudo mkswap \/swapfile\nsudo swapon \/swapfile<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> fallocate<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -l<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> 2G<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/swapfile<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> chmod<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> 600<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/swapfile<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> mkswap<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/swapfile<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> swapon<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/swapfile<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die Rechte <code>600<\/code> sind wichtig, damit nur root auf die Datei zugreifen kann. Danach ist der Swap sofort aktiv \u2013 pr\u00fcfe es erneut mit <code>swapon --show<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 2: Swap dauerhaft aktivieren<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Damit der Swap auch nach einem Neustart verf\u00fcgbar ist, tr\u00e4gst du ihn in die <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> ein:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>echo \"\/swapfile none swap sw 0 0\" | sudo tee -a \/etc\/fstab<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">echo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \"\/swapfile none swap sw 0 0\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\"> sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tee<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -a<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/etc\/fstab<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wie die fstab grunds\u00e4tzlich funktioniert, erkl\u00e4rt <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/linux-festplatte-einbinden-fstab\/\">Festplatte einbinden und mounten<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 3: swappiness optimieren<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Der Wert <strong>swappiness<\/strong> (0\u2013100) steuert, wie bereitwillig Linux auslagert. Ein hoher Wert lagert fr\u00fch aus, ein niedriger erst sp\u00e4t. Der Standard von 60 ist f\u00fcr Desktops oft zu hoch. F\u00fcr Server und Systeme mit ausreichend RAM ist ein Wert um 10 sinnvoll:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Aktuellen Wert anzeigen\ncat \/proc\/sys\/vm\/swappiness\n\n# Dauerhaft auf 10 setzen\necho \"vm.swappiness=10\" | sudo tee \/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-swappiness.conf\nsudo sysctl --system<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Aktuellen Wert anzeigen<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">cat<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/proc\/sys\/vm\/swappiness<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Dauerhaft auf 10 setzen<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">echo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \"vm.swappiness=10\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\"> sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tee<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-swappiness.conf<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> sysctl<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> --system<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Swap wieder entfernen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brauchst du den Swap nicht mehr oder willst ihn neu anlegen, deaktivierst du ihn, entfernst den fstab-Eintrag und l\u00f6schst die Datei:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo swapoff \/swapfile\nsudo sed -i \"\/\\\/swapfile\/d\" \/etc\/fstab\nsudo rm \/swapfile<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> swapoff<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/swapfile<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> sed<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -i<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \"\/\\\/swapfile\/d\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/etc\/fstab<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> rm<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/swapfile<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">zram als moderne Alternative<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Auf Systemen mit wenig RAM ist <strong>zram<\/strong> eine interessante Erg\u00e4nzung: Dabei wird ein komprimierter Swap direkt im Arbeitsspeicher angelegt. Das ist deutlich schneller als Swap auf der Festplatte und schont zus\u00e4tzlich SSDs, weil weniger geschrieben wird. Viele Distributionen bieten daf\u00fcr das Paket <code>zram-tools<\/code> an \u2013 eine \u00fcberlegenswerte Option f\u00fcr sparsame Server und \u00e4ltere Rechner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e4ufige Fragen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wie gro\u00df sollte der Swap sein?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcr die meisten Server reichen 1\u20132 GB als Puffer. Nur wenn du den Ruhezustand (Hibernate) nutzen willst, sollte der Swap mindestens so gro\u00df wie der RAM sein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Swap-Datei oder Swap-Partition?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eine Swap-Datei ist heute die praktischere Wahl: Du kannst sie jederzeit vergr\u00f6\u00dfern, verkleinern oder entfernen, ohne die Partitionierung anzufassen. In der Leistung gibt es kaum Unterschiede.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schadet viel Swapping der Leistung?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ja, dauerhaftes starkes Swapping bremst das System, weil die Festplatte viel langsamer als RAM ist. Ist der Swap st\u00e4ndig stark belegt, ist das ein Zeichen f\u00fcr zu wenig RAM \u2013 dann hilft nur Aufr\u00fcsten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fazit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eine Swap-Datei ist schnell angelegt und in der fstab dauerhaft aktiviert. Mit einem angepassten swappiness-Wert bestimmst du, wie aggressiv Linux auslagert \u2013 f\u00fcr Server ist ein niedriger Wert meist ideal. 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