{"id":5021,"date":"2026-10-06T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/?p=5021"},"modified":"2026-10-06T08:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T08:00:00","slug":"zfs-linux-grundlagen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/zfs-linux-grundlagen\/","title":{"rendered":"ZFS unter Linux: Grundlagen, Pools &#038; Snapshots"},"content":{"rendered":"<script type=\"text\/plain\" data-tcf=\"waiting-for-consent\" data-id=\"4797\" data-bid=\"2\" data-placement=\"4798\">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<\/script>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZFS gilt als eines der fortschrittlichsten Dateisysteme \u00fcberhaupt: Es kombiniert Dateisystem und Volume-Manager, sch\u00fctzt Daten mit Pr\u00fcfsummen und macht Snapshots zum Kinderspiel. In dieser Einf\u00fchrung lernst du die <strong>Grundlagen von ZFS unter Linux<\/strong> \u2013 von Pools und Datasets \u00fcber Snapshots bis zu den wichtigsten Befehlen f\u00fcr den Start.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-1  uagb-block-1ffd1ad5      \"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-scroll= \"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-offset= \"30\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInhaltsverzeichnis\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__list-wrap \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#was-macht-zfs-besonders\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Was macht ZFS besonders?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#zfs-installieren\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">ZFS installieren<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-1-einen-pool-anlegen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 1: Einen Pool anlegen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-2-datasets-erstellen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 2: Datasets erstellen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-3-snapshots-erstellen-und-zur\u00fcckspielen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 3: Snapshots erstellen und zur\u00fcckspielen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#die-wichtigsten-zfs-befehle\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Die wichtigsten ZFS-Befehle<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#wie-viel-ram-braucht-zfs\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Wie viel RAM braucht ZFS?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#raid-z-ausfallsicherheit-richtig-planen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">RAID-Z: Ausfallsicherheit richtig planen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#h\u00e4ufige-fragen-zu-zfs\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">H\u00e4ufige Fragen zu ZFS<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#ist-zfs-f\u00fcr-einsteiger-geeignet\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Ist ZFS f\u00fcr Einsteiger geeignet?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#kann-ich-einem-pool-sp\u00e4ter-platten-hinzuf\u00fcgen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Kann ich einem Pool sp\u00e4ter Platten hinzuf\u00fcgen?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#was-ist-ein-scrub\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Was ist ein Scrub?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#fazit\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Fazit<\/a><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Was macht ZFS besonders?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Klassische Dateisysteme wie ext4 verwalten nur die Ablage von Dateien. ZFS geht weiter und vereint mehrere Aufgaben in einem System:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Datenintegrit\u00e4t:<\/strong> Jeder Datenblock erh\u00e4lt eine Pr\u00fcfsumme \u2013 stille Datenfehler (\u201ebit rot&#8221;) werden erkannt und bei Redundanz automatisch repariert.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Snapshots:<\/strong> Zust\u00e4nde lassen sich in Sekunden einfrieren und wiederherstellen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kompression:<\/strong> transparent im Hintergrund, spart Platz ohne sp\u00fcrbaren Nachteil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Integriertes RAID:<\/strong> \u00fcber sogenannte vdevs, ganz ohne separaten RAID-Controller.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diese Eigenschaften machen ZFS besonders f\u00fcr NAS- und Server-Systeme attraktiv, etwa unter <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/category\/proxmox\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Proxmox Category\">Proxmox<\/a> \u2013 siehe <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/proxmox-storage-typen-erklaert\/\">Proxmox Storage-Typen erkl\u00e4rt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ZFS installieren<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Auf Debian und Ubuntu installierst du ZFS aus den Paketquellen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo apt update\nsudo apt install -y zfsutils-linux<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> apt<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> update<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> apt<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> install<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -y<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> zfsutils-linux<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 1: Einen Pool anlegen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die oberste Ebene in ZFS ist der <strong>Pool<\/strong> (zpool) \u2013 er b\u00fcndelt eine oder mehrere Festplatten. Ein einfacher Pool aus einer Platte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo zpool create tank \/dev\/sdb<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> zpool<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> create<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tank<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/dev\/sdb<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcr Ausfallsicherheit nutzt du eine Spiegelung (Mirror) aus zwei Platten:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo zpool create tank mirror \/dev\/sdb \/dev\/sdc<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> zpool<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> create<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tank<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> mirror<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/dev\/sdb<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/dev\/sdc<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Den Status und die Gesundheit deines Pools pr\u00fcfst du jederzeit mit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>zpool status<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">zpool<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> status<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 2: Datasets erstellen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Innerhalb eines Pools legst du <strong>Datasets<\/strong> an \u2013 das sind flexible \u201eUnterdateisysteme&#8221; mit eigenen Eigenschaften. So trennst du z. B. Daten und Backups sauber:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo zfs create tank\/daten\nsudo zfs create tank\/backups<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> zfs<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> create<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tank\/daten<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> zfs<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> create<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tank\/backups<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedes Dataset l\u00e4sst sich individuell konfigurieren, etwa mit aktivierter Kompression:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo zfs set compression=lz4 tank\/daten<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> zfs<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> set<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> compression=lz4<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tank\/daten<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 3: Snapshots erstellen und zur\u00fcckspielen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Snapshots sind das Killerfeature von ZFS. Sie frieren den Zustand eines Datasets ein und belegen zun\u00e4chst kaum Platz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo zfs snapshot tank\/daten@vor-update<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> zfs<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> snapshot<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tank\/daten@vor-update<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ist etwas schiefgegangen, spielst du den Zustand in Sekunden zur\u00fcck:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>sudo zfs rollback tank\/daten@vor-update<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">sudo<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> zfs<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> rollback<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> tank\/daten@vor-update<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alle vorhandenen Snapshots listest du mit <code>zfs list -t snapshot<\/code> auf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Die wichtigsten ZFS-Befehle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Befehl<\/th><th>Wirkung<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>zpool list<\/code><\/td><td>Alle Pools und ihre Auslastung anzeigen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>zpool status<\/code><\/td><td>Gesundheit &amp; Struktur eines Pools<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>zfs list<\/code><\/td><td>Datasets und Snapshots auflisten<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>zfs snapshot \u2026@name<\/code><\/td><td>Snapshot erstellen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>zpool scrub tank<\/code><\/td><td>Integrit\u00e4tspr\u00fcfung des Pools starten<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wie viel RAM braucht ZFS?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZFS nutzt Arbeitsspeicher als Cache (ARC) intensiv. Als Faustregel gilt rund 1 GB RAM pro Terabyte Speicher, mehr schadet nie. Auf sehr kleinen Systemen ist das der wichtigste Punkt bei der Planung. Wie du den Speicherverbrauch \u00fcberwachst, zeigt <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/linux-speicherplatz-analysieren-df-du-ncdu\/\">Speicherplatz analysieren<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">RAID-Z: Ausfallsicherheit richtig planen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcr echte Ausfallsicherheit \u00fcber mehrere Platten hinweg bietet ZFS neben dem Mirror die RAID-Z-Verb\u00fcnde. Sie \u00e4hneln klassischem RAID, sind aber gegen den gef\u00fcrchteten \u201eWrite Hole&#8221;-Fehler gesch\u00fctzt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Typ<\/th><th>Verkraftet Ausfall von<\/th><th>Geeignet ab<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Mirror<\/strong><\/td><td>1 Platte (pro Spiegel)<\/td><td>2 Platten<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>RAID-Z1<\/strong><\/td><td>1 Platte<\/td><td>3 Platten<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>RAID-Z2<\/strong><\/td><td>2 Platten<\/td><td>4 Platten<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>RAID-Z3<\/strong><\/td><td>3 Platten<\/td><td>5 Platten<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcr Homelabs mit vier oder mehr Platten ist RAID-Z2 ein guter Kompromiss aus Kapazit\u00e4t und Sicherheit. Ein Mirror ist einfacher und bei nur zwei Platten die Wahl. Wichtig: RAID ersetzt kein Backup \u2013 plane trotzdem regelm\u00e4\u00dfige Sicherungen ein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e4ufige Fragen zu ZFS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ist ZFS f\u00fcr Einsteiger geeignet?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Die Grundbefehle sind schnell gelernt, und schon ein einfacher Pool mit Snapshots bringt gro\u00dfen Nutzen. Die fortgeschrittenen Themen (RAID-Z, Tuning) kannst du dir nach und nach erschlie\u00dfen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kann ich einem Pool sp\u00e4ter Platten hinzuf\u00fcgen?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ja, du kannst einem Pool weitere vdevs hinzuf\u00fcgen. Das Erweitern eines bestehenden RAID-Z-Verbunds war lange nicht m\u00f6glich, ist in neueren ZFS-Versionen aber inzwischen umgesetzt. Plane die Struktur trotzdem sorgf\u00e4ltig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Was ist ein Scrub?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ein Scrub liest alle Daten und pr\u00fcft sie gegen ihre Pr\u00fcfsummen. So werden schleichende Fehler fr\u00fch erkannt und \u2013 bei Redundanz \u2013 repariert. Ein monatlicher Scrub ist empfehlenswert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fazit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ZFS bringt Datensicherheit, Snapshots und Kompression in einem durchdachten Paket \u2013 ideal f\u00fcr alle, die ihre Daten ernst nehmen. Schon mit einem gespiegelten Pool und regelm\u00e4\u00dfigen Snapshots hebst du deine Datensicherheit auf ein neues Niveau. Plane gen\u00fcgend RAM ein und richte einen monatlichen Scrub ein, dann l\u00e4uft ZFS jahrelang zuverl\u00e4ssig. F\u00fcr die Einbindung einzelner Datentr\u00e4ger siehe auch <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/linux-festplatte-einbinden-fstab\/\">Festplatte einbinden und mounten<\/a>.<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/plain\" data-tcf=\"waiting-for-consent\" data-id=\"4799\" data-bid=\"2\" 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Befehle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Tobias","author_link":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/author\/tobias-pries\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"ZFS unter Linux verst\u00e4ndlich erkl\u00e4rt: Pools und Datasets anlegen, Snapshots erstellen, Datenintegrit\u00e4t durch Pr\u00fcfsummen und die wichtigsten Befehle.","brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5021"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5556,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5021\/revisions\/5556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}