{"id":4916,"date":"2026-08-10T21:45:25","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T21:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/proxmox-gpu-passthrough-einrichten\/"},"modified":"2026-08-10T21:51:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T21:51:18","slug":"proxmox-gpu-passthrough-einrichten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/proxmox-gpu-passthrough-einrichten\/","title":{"rendered":"Proxmox GPU Passthrough einrichten \u2013 Anleitung (VFIO)"},"content":{"rendered":"<script type=\"text\/plain\" data-tcf=\"waiting-for-consent\" data-id=\"4797\" data-bid=\"2\" data-placement=\"4798\">PGRpdiBpZD0ibmV0Z3VpZGVhLTI2MTkzMDUyNiIgY2xhc3M9Im5ldGd1aWRlYS1iZWZvcmUtY29udGVudCBuZXRndWlkZWEtZW50aXR5LXBsYWNlbWVudCI+PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0ibmV0Z3VpZGVhLWFkbGFiZWwiPkFkdmVydGlzZW1lbnRzPC9kaXY+PHNjcmlwdCBhc3luYyBzcmM9Ii8vcGFnZWFkMi5nb29nbGVzeW5kaWNhdGlvbi5jb20vcGFnZWFkL2pzL2Fkc2J5Z29vZ2xlLmpzP2NsaWVudD1jYS1wdWItNjI1ODU1NjI1NzI0NTk5OCIgY3Jvc3NvcmlnaW49ImFub255bW91cyI+PC9zY3JpcHQ+PGlucyBjbGFzcz0iYWRzYnlnb29nbGUiIHN0eWxlPSJkaXNwbGF5OmJsb2NrOyIgZGF0YS1hZC1jbGllbnQ9ImNhLXB1Yi02MjU4NTU2MjU3MjQ1OTk4IiAKZGF0YS1hZC1zbG90PSIzNDk0MTE1MzQyIiAKZGF0YS1hZC1mb3JtYXQ9ImF1dG8iPjwvaW5zPgo8c2NyaXB0PiAKKGFkc2J5Z29vZ2xlID0gd2luZG93LmFkc2J5Z29vZ2xlIHx8IFtdKS5wdXNoKHt9KTsgCjwvc2NyaXB0Pgo8L2Rpdj4=<\/script>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Du willst die volle Grafikleistung deiner GPU in einer virtuellen Maschine nutzen \u2013 etwa f\u00fcr einen Gaming-Server, Transcoding in Plex\/Jellyfin oder KI-Workloads? Mit <strong>GPU Passthrough unter <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/category\/proxmox\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Proxmox Category\">Proxmox<\/a> VE<\/strong> reichst du eine physische Grafikkarte direkt an eine VM durch. Diese Anleitung f\u00fchrt dich Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt durch IOMMU, VFIO und die VM-Konfiguration. Hinweis vorab: Passthrough ist ein fortgeschrittenes Thema und stark von deiner Hardware abh\u00e4ngig.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-table-of-contents uagb-toc__align-left uagb-toc__columns-1  uagb-block-1ffd1ad5      \"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-scroll= \"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-offset= \"30\"\n\t\t\t\t\tstyle=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInhaltsverzeichnis\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-toc__list-wrap \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#was-bringt-gpu-passthrough\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Was bringt GPU Passthrough?<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#voraussetzungen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Voraussetzungen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-1-iommu-im-biosuefi-aktivieren\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 1: IOMMU im BIOS\/UEFI aktivieren<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-2-iommu-in-proxmox-aktivieren\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 2: IOMMU in Proxmox aktivieren<\/a><ul class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#variante-a-grub-klassische-installation\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Variante A: GRUB (klassische Installation)<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#variante-b-systemd-boot-zfs-uefi-installation\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Variante B: systemd-boot (ZFS-\/UEFI-Installation)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-3-vfio-module-laden\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 3: VFIO-Module laden<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-4-neustart-und-iommu-pr\u00fcfen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 4: Neustart und IOMMU pr\u00fcfen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-5-treiber-blacklisten-und-gpu-an-vfio-pci-binden\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 5: Treiber blacklisten und GPU an vfio-pci binden<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#schritt-6-gpu-an-die-vm-durchreichen\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Schritt 6: GPU an die VM durchreichen<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#h\u00e4ufige-probleme\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">H\u00e4ufige Probleme<\/a><li class=\"uagb-toc__list\"><a href=\"#fazit\" class=\"uagb-toc-link__trigger\">Fazit<\/a><\/ul><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Was bringt GPU Passthrough?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beim Passthrough erh\u00e4lt eine VM <strong>exklusiven, nahezu nativen Zugriff<\/strong> auf die Grafikkarte \u2013 ohne den Overhead einer emulierten GPU. Typische Einsatzzwecke:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Media-Server:<\/strong> Hardware-Transcoding in Jellyfin, Plex oder Emby.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>KI &amp; Rendering:<\/strong> CUDA-\/GPU-Beschleunigung in einer isolierten VM.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gaming-VMs &amp; virtuelle Desktops:<\/strong> volle 3D-Leistung im Gastsystem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Der Preis daf\u00fcr: Die durchgereichte GPU steht dem <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/category\/proxmox\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"1\" title=\"Proxmox Category\">Proxmox<\/a>-Host und anderen VMs nicht mehr zur Verf\u00fcgung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Voraussetzungen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CPU &amp; Mainboard mit IOMMU-Unterst\u00fctzung:<\/strong> Intel VT-d bzw. AMD-Vi. Beides muss vom Board unterst\u00fctzt und im BIOS aktivierbar sein.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eine geeignete GPU:<\/strong> idealerweise eine zweite Grafikkarte, damit der Host eine eigene Ausgabe beh\u00e4lt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UEFI-Boot &amp; aktuelles Proxmox VE 8 oder 9.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Die VM sollte im UEFI-Modus (OVMF) laufen<\/strong> \u2013 das ist f\u00fcr modernes Passthrough am zuverl\u00e4ssigsten.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 1: IOMMU im BIOS\/UEFI aktivieren<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Starte ins BIOS\/UEFI deines Servers und aktiviere die Virtualisierungs- und IOMMU-Funktionen. Die Bezeichnungen variieren je nach Hersteller:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Intel:<\/strong> \u201eVT-d\u201c bzw. \u201eIntel Virtualization Technology for Directed I\/O\u201c aktivieren.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AMD:<\/strong> \u201eIOMMU\u201c bzw. \u201eAMD-Vi\u201c auf <em>Enabled<\/em> setzen und \u201eSVM Mode\u201c aktivieren.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Speichere die Einstellungen und boote zur\u00fcck in Proxmox.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 2: IOMMU in Proxmox aktivieren<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nun aktivierst du IOMMU im Kernel-Bootparameter. Wie das geht, h\u00e4ngt vom Bootloader ab. Pr\u00fcfe zuerst, welchen dein System nutzt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Zeigt an, welcher Bootloader aktiv ist\nproxmox-boot-tool status<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Zeigt an, welcher Bootloader aktiv ist<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">proxmox-boot-tool<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> status<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Variante A: GRUB (klassische Installation)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bearbeite die Datei <code>\/etc\/default\/grub<\/code> und erg\u00e4nze die IOMMU-Parameter in der Zeile <code>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT<\/code>. F\u00fcr <strong>Intel<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt\"<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">\"quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt\"<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcr <strong>AMD<\/strong> nutzt du stattdessen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"quiet amd_iommu=on iommu=pt\"<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #E1E4E8\">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\">\"quiet amd_iommu=on iommu=pt\"<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Danach GRUB aktualisieren:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>update-grub<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">update-grub<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Variante B: systemd-boot (ZFS-\/UEFI-Installation)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nutzt dein System <code>systemd-boot<\/code>, tr\u00e4gst du die Parameter in <code>\/etc\/kernel\/cmdline<\/code> ein (in einer Zeile hinter <code>root=...<\/code>) und aktualisierst anschlie\u00dfend:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Parameter hinzuf\u00fcgen, z. B. intel_iommu=on iommu=pt\nnano \/etc\/kernel\/cmdline\n\n# Bootkonfiguration neu schreiben\nproxmox-boot-tool refresh<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Parameter hinzuf\u00fcgen, z. B. intel_iommu=on iommu=pt<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">nano<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \/etc\/kernel\/cmdline<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Bootkonfiguration neu schreiben<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">proxmox-boot-tool<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> refresh<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 3: VFIO-Module laden<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trage die VFIO-Kernelmodule ein, damit sie beim Booten geladen werden. \u00d6ffne <code>\/etc\/modules<\/code> und erg\u00e4nze:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>vfio\nvfio_iommu_type1\nvfio_pci<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">vfio<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">vfio_iommu_type1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">vfio_pci<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bei sehr alten Kernels war zus\u00e4tzlich <code>vfio_virqfd<\/code> n\u00f6tig \u2013 seit Kernel 6.2 ist dieses Modul in <code>vfio<\/code> integriert und muss nicht mehr separat geladen werden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 4: Neustart und IOMMU pr\u00fcfen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Starte den Host neu und kontrolliere, ob IOMMU aktiv ist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Sollte Zeilen mit \"DMAR: IOMMU enabled\" (Intel) bzw. AMD-Vi ausgeben\ndmesg | grep -e DMAR -e IOMMU\n\n# GPU und ihre Vendor:Device-IDs anzeigen\nlspci -nn | grep -Ei \"VGA|3D|Audio\"<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># Sollte Zeilen mit \"DMAR: IOMMU enabled\" (Intel) bzw. AMD-Vi ausgeben<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">dmesg<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\"> grep<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -e<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> DMAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -e<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> IOMMU<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># GPU und ihre Vendor:Device-IDs anzeigen<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">lspci<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -nn<\/span><span style=\"color: #F97583\"> |<\/span><span style=\"color: #B392F0\"> grep<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -Ei<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> \"VGA|3D|Audio\"<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notiere dir die IDs deiner GPU. Sie erscheinen in eckigen Klammern, z. B. <code>[10de:2482]<\/code> f\u00fcr die Grafikeinheit und <code>[10de:228b]<\/code> f\u00fcr die zugeh\u00f6rige HDMI-Audio-Funktion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 5: Treiber blacklisten und GPU an vfio-pci binden<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Damit der Proxmox-Host die GPU nicht selbst in Beschlag nimmt, blacklistest du deren Treiber. Lege <code>\/etc\/modprobe.d\/blacklist.conf<\/code> an:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>blacklist nouveau\nblacklist nvidia\nblacklist nvidiafb\nblacklist radeon\nblacklist amdgpu<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">blacklist<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> nouveau<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">blacklist<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> nvidia<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">blacklist<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> nvidiafb<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">blacklist<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> radeon<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">blacklist<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> amdgpu<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bind die GPU stattdessen fest an <code>vfio-pci<\/code>. Trage in <code>\/etc\/modprobe.d\/vfio.conf<\/code> die zuvor ermittelten IDs ein (Grafik- und Audio-Funktion):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>options vfio-pci ids=10de:2482,10de:228b<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">options<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> vfio-pci<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> ids=10de:2482,10de:228b<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aktualisiere die Initramfs, damit die \u00c4nderungen beim n\u00e4chsten Boot greifen, und starte neu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>update-initramfs -u -k all\nreboot<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">update-initramfs<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -u<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -k<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> all<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">reboot<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nach dem Neustart pr\u00fcfst du, ob die GPU nun den Treiber <code>vfio-pci<\/code> verwendet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>lspci -nnk -d 10de:2482\n# In der Ausgabe sollte stehen: Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">lspci<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -nnk<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\"> -d<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> 10de:2482<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #6A737D\"># In der Ausgabe sollte stehen: Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schritt 6: GPU an die VM durchreichen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jetzt konfigurierst du die Ziel-VM. Achte auf diese Einstellungen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BIOS:<\/strong> in den VM-Optionen auf <em>OVMF (UEFI)<\/em> stellen (nicht SeaBIOS).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Machine:<\/strong> auf <em>q35<\/em> setzen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Display:<\/strong> zun\u00e4chst auf <em>Standard<\/em> oder <em>VirtIO-GPU<\/em> belassen, bis der GPU-Treiber im Gast installiert ist.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00fcge dann unter <em>Hardware \u2192 Hinzuf\u00fcgen \u2192 PCI-Ger\u00e4t<\/em> deine GPU hinzu. Aktiviere <strong>\u201eAll Functions\u201c<\/strong> (damit die HDMI-Audio-Funktion mitkommt) und <strong>\u201ePCI-Express\u201c<\/strong>. Alternativ per Kommandozeile in der VM-Konfiguration unter <code>\/etc\/pve\/qemu-server\/&lt;VMID&gt;.conf<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#24292e\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#e1e4e8;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>hostpci0: 0000:01:00,pcie=1,x-vga=1<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki github-dark\" style=\"background-color: #24292e\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #B392F0\">hostpci0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #9ECBFF\"> 0000:01:00,pcie=1,x-vga=<\/span><span style=\"color: #79B8FF\">1<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Starte anschlie\u00dfend die VM und installiere im Gastsystem den passenden Grafiktreiber (NVIDIA bzw. AMD). Danach steht dir die volle GPU-Leistung zur Verf\u00fcgung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e4ufige Probleme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NVIDIA \u201eCode 43\u201c im Gast:<\/strong> Bei manchen Consumer-Karten meldet der Treiber einen Fehler, wenn er eine Virtualisierung erkennt. Abhilfe schafft das Verstecken des Hypervisors \u00fcber <code>args<\/code> in der VM-Config (z. B. <code>cpu host,hidden=1<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ung\u00fcnstige IOMMU-Gruppen:<\/strong> Landen mehrere unabh\u00e4ngige Ger\u00e4te in einer Gruppe, lassen sie sich nur gemeinsam durchreichen. Pr\u00fcfe die Gruppen mit einem kurzen Skript \u00fcber <code>\/sys\/kernel\/iommu_groups\/<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Host verliert die Bildausgabe:<\/strong> Reichst du die einzige (Boot-)GPU durch, hat der Host kein Bild mehr. Nutze m\u00f6glichst eine zweite GPU oder verwalte Proxmox danach nur noch per Weboberfl\u00e4che und SSH.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fazit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>GPU Passthrough unter Proxmox<\/strong> ist mit den richtigen Schritten gut beherrschbar: IOMMU im BIOS und Kernel aktivieren, VFIO-Module laden, den GPU-Treiber blacklisten, die Karte an <code>vfio-pci<\/code> binden und schlie\u00dflich per <code>hostpci<\/code> an die VM durchreichen. Da vieles von Mainboard, CPU und GPU abh\u00e4ngt, lohnt sich etwas Geduld beim Feintuning. Brauchst du hingegen nur einen schlanken Linux-Dienst ohne GPU, ist ein <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/proxmox-lxc-container-erstellen\/\">LXC-Container<\/a> die ressourcenschonendere Wahl. Weitere Proxmox-Tipps findest du unter <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/proxmox-kernel-andern\/\">Proxmox Kernel \u00e4ndern<\/a> und <a href=\"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/de\/proxmox-strom-sparen\/\">Proxmox Strom sparen<\/a>.<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/plain\" data-tcf=\"waiting-for-consent\" data-id=\"4799\" data-bid=\"2\" 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Schritt.","brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4916"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4925,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4916\/revisions\/4925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4916"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netguide.io\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}